Sec.21a-235-8. Use of terms and definitions relating to filling materials

Terms used to describe filling materials shall include only those set forth and defined in these regulations. Filling materials for which there is no term or definition herein may not be used until the term and definition have been approved by the department, and such term shall thereafter be used to describe such material on any tag affixed to an article, bale or package containing such material.

(a) General terms.

(1) The word "colored" shall precede any terms used to designate a filling material, if such material has been artificially dyed or colored.

(2) In the terms used to describe feathers and/or down, the color of the material shall precede the term. If mixed colors are used, "colored" shall precede the descriptive term.

(3) The term "shredded clippings" means any material that has been made into fabric and subsequently cut up, torn up, broken up or ground up but which has not been run through a garnett machine. The name of the material need not be included in this term but, if included, shall be as stated.

(4) The term "garnetted clippings" means any material that has been shredded and further processed by passing through a garnett machine. The name of the material need not be included in this term but, if included, shall be as stated.

(5) The word "oily" shall precede any term used to designate a filling material, if such material contains more than five per cent oil.

(6) The term "felt" or "batting" means fiber that has been carded in layers or sheets by a garnett or felting machine. The terms "felt" or "batting" by themselves shall not be used but shall be combined with the name of the material from which they are made. If the felt has been repicked, or consists of small pieces of scrap felt, or is not readily distinguishable from unfelted material, the term "felt" or "batting" shall not be included in the descriptive term.

(7) The word "napper" means the lint removed during the process of raising the face of a cloth and shall be preceded by the name of the textile fiber or fibers from which it is made.

(8) The presence of "down fiber" or "feather fiber" in excess of ten per cent shall be set forth on the tag, together with the kind, color and percentage.

(9) The terms "rubberized" or "resin treated" shall be combined with the required descriptive term only when each hair or fiber of the specified filling material has been thoroughly coated with the stated material, rubber or resin. The terms "rubber coated" or "resin coated" shall be combined with the required descriptive term when the surface only of a filling material has been thoroughly coated with the stated material, rubber or resin. If a filling material pad is coated on one side only, the required descriptive term shall include the notation "(one side only)."

(10) The word "pad" shall be included in the descriptive term only when a hair or fiber filling material has been processed into pad forms.

(b) Cotton.

(1) "Staple cotton" means the staple fibrous growth as removed from the cotton seed in the usual process of ginning (first cut) containing no foreign material. The term "cotton" by itself shall not be used.

(2) The terms "cotton card strips," "cotton comber," "cotton fly," "cotton picker," "cotton noils" and "cotton motes" may be used to describe these cotton by-products removed by the various machine operations necessary in the manufacture of cotton yarn up to, but not including, the process of spinning. If the exact name of the cotton by-product is not used, such material shall be described as "cotton fiber."

(3) "Cotton linters" shall be used to describe the fibrous growth removed from cotton seed subsequent to the usual process of ginning. The term "linters" alone shall not be used.

(4) The terms "blended cotton felt" or "cotton felt" are acceptable for the description of mixture of cotton by-products, up to the process of spinning, that are further processed by a garnett machine.

(c) Wool.

(1) "Wool" or "virgin wool" means the fleece of sheep or lambs, which has been scoured and carbonized or scoured. It shall not be the by-product of any process of manufacturing nor shall it have sustained prior use. It shall be free from kemp and vegetable matter or other foreign material.

(2) The terms "wool drawing laps," "wool card waste," "wool card strips" and "wool doffer waste," shall be used to designate new wool fibers removed from the various machine operations necessary in the manufacture of wool yarn up to but not including the process of spinning and shall include noils, fulling flocks, wool pills and shank and tag wools. If the appropriate mill term is not used, the material shall be described as "wool fiber wastes."

(3) "Tanners wool" means wool reclaimed from tanned sheepskin.

(4) "Wool felt" or "virgin wool felt" means wool fiber that meets the requirements of the definition of "wool" or "virgin wool" and has been further processed by a garnett machine.

(5) "Blended wool felt" means mill wastes from the various manufacturing operations, up to but not including the process of spinning, that has been further processed by a garnett machine.

(6) All material having the term "wool" in its approved name shall contain not less than ninety-five per cent wool fibers.

(d) Feathers and down.

(1) "Down" means the soft undercoating of waterfowl consisting of the light fluffy filaments grown from one quill point but without any quill shaft. This term shall be combined with the name of the water fowl from which obtained, together with the color of the down, e.g. "white goose down," "grey duck down," etc.

(2) "Down fiber" means the barbs of down plumes separated from the quill points and such term shall be combined with the kind and color of the water fowl from which obtained.

(3) "Feathers" means the appendages growing out of the skin of birds. This term shall be combined with the name and color of the bird from which obtained.

(4) "Feather fiber" means the barbs of feathers separated by any process from the quills, but free from quills. The name and color of the bird from which it is obtained shall be combined with this term.

(5) "Stripped feathers" means the feather barbs stripped from the main stem or quill but not to the extent of separating the barbs into feather fiber. The term "stripped feathers" shall also be combined with the name and color of the bird from which obtained.

(6) "Crushed feather" means feathers which have been processed through a so-called curling machine that has changed the original form of the feather, but has not removed the quill. This term shall also be combined with the name and color of the bird from which obtained and the percentage of each kind of crushed feathers shall be given, in the order of predominance, if the crushed feathers are part of a mixture.

(7) "Chopped feathers" means feathers which have been processed through a chopping machine which has cut the feathers into small pieces. The name and color of the bird from which they are obtained shall be combined with this term. If part of a mixture, such chopped feathers shall be indicated in the order or predominance and percentages stated.

(8) "Broken feathers" shall be so described, together with the name and color of bird from which obtained and the percentage, if the amount of broken feathers exceeds ten per cent of the feather content.

(9) The term "quill" means the main shaft or axis of a feather.

(10) The term "quill feather" means a wing feather or tail feather and shall be combined with the name and color of the bird from which obtained.

(11) Feather mixtures shall be designated by name, color, character and percentage of each kind present in the mixture or the entire mixture shall be designated by the name of the lowest grade material used together with the color of the mixture. The grades of material in descending order are as follows: Goose down, duck down, goose feathers, duck feathers, turkey feathers, chicken feathers.

(e) Hair.

(1) "Hair" means the coarse, filamentous epidermal outgrowth of such animals as horses, cattle, hogs and goats. When used in the manufacture of upholstered furniture, bedding or filling material, hair shall be clean, properly cured, free from epidermin, excreta, or foreign or objectionable substances or odors. In addition to the word "hair," the tags shall also indicate from what kind of animal the hair originates, and its condition or appearance as hereinafter described.

(2) "Horse hair" means the strands of hair from the mane or tail of horses and shall be further described as "horse tail hair" or "horse mane hair."

(3) "Cattle hair" means the strands or filaments of hair from the body or tail of cattle and shall be further described as "cattle tail hair" or "cattle body hair."

(4) "Hog hair" means the bristle or body hair of swine.

(5) "Curled hair" means any hair that has been curled. The appropriate designation shall appear on the tag preceded by the word "curled."

(6) The term "shredded rubberized hair" means new rubberized hair that has been processed through a shredding machine. The term "curled" is not permitted in connection with shredded hair.

(f) Rubber.

(1) The term "rubber" shall apply to the following synthetic rub-berlike materials as well as to natural rubber: Chloroprene, styrene-butadiene copolymers, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, polymerized isobutylene, with or without comonomers present, and thioplasts (any of the polysulfide rubbers consisting of organic radicals linked through sulfur). Use of the term "rubber products" is not permitted on the tag.

(2) "Sponge rubber" means sponge products made from rubber which have previously been coagulated or solidified. "Sponge rubber" shall be indicated on the tag as follows: (a) "Sponge rubber." The use of this term shall be mandatory for a sponge rubber product consisting of not more than two inserts of unlaminated prime material for attaining desired height, nor more than one vertical splice in every three square feet of top surface area excluding those permitted for T's and U's, and not more than one splice in every three linear feet of added side-walls or in lieu thereof in each corner, excepting side-walls that are irregular in contour in which case the number of splices shall be subject to the approval of the labor department. (b) "Molded sponge rubber." The use of this term may be applied to a sponge rubber product which has been molded in the form in which it is intended to be used. (c) "Sponge rubber pieces." This term shall apply to a sponge rubber product which consists of mere pieces or otherwise fails to conform to the requirements for "sponge rubber" but shall not apply to sponge rubber which has been subjected to a shredding process. (d) "Cemented sponge rubber pieces." The use of this term may be applied to sponge rubber pieces which have been cemented together. (e) "Shredded sponge rubber." This term shall be applied to sponge rubber which has been subjected to a shredding process. (f) "Cemented shredded sponge rubber." This term may be applied to shredded sponge rubber which has been cemented together.

(3) "Latex foam rubber" means a foam product made from rubber latex which previously has not been coagulated or solidified. "Latex foam rubber" shall be indicated on the tag as follows: (a) "Latex foam rubber." The use of one of the terms set forth below shall be mandatory for a latex foam rubber product consisting of not more than two inserts of unlaminated prime material for attaining desired height, not more than one vertical splice in every three square feet of top surface area, except for T's and U's, but not more than two vertical splices regardless of top surface area excluding those permitted for T's and U's, and not more than one vertical splice in every three linear feet of vertical side-walls or in lieu thereof in each corner, excepting side-walls that are irregular in contour in which case the number of splices shall be subject to the approval of the labor department. (b) "Molded latex foam rubber." The use of this term may be applied to a latex foam rubber product which has been molded in the form in which it is intended to be used. (c) "Latex foam rubber pieces." This term shall apply to a latex foam rubber product which consists of mere pieces or otherwise fails to conform to the requirements for "foam rubber," but shall not apply to foam rubber which has been subjected to a shredding process. (d) "Cemented latex foam rubber pieces." The use of this term may be applied to latex foam rubber pieces which have been cemented together. (e) "Shredded latex foam rubber." This term shall be applied to latex foam rubber which has been subjected to a shredding process. (f) "Cemented shredded latex foam rubber." This term may be applied to shredded foam rubber which has been cemented together.

(4) The term "foam" without the word "rubber" means a polymerized material consisting of a mass of thin-walled cells produced chemically or physically and such non-rubber shall be designated on the tag as "foam," together with the name of the organic base from which it is made, e.g., "urethane foam," "vinyl foam."

(5) The term "urethane foam" or "polyurethane" may be applied to a cellular urethane product which is created by the interaction of an ether or an ester and a carbamic acid derivative. If the foam is of the ether type, it may be designated as "polyether foam." If the foam is of the ester type, it may be designated as "polyester foam."

(6) The term "polystyrene foam" shall be applied to foam produced during the polymerization of a styrene monomer.

(7) The term "vinyl foam" shall be applied to a foam produced from vinyl.

(8) The term "molded" may precede the terms set forth above whenever such foam product has been made in a mold in the shape in which it is intended to be used.

(9) The term "pieces" follows the terms set forth in subdivision (4) of this subsection whenever the foam product consists of mere pieces or otherwise fails to conform to the requirements set forth in subdivision (3) above, but does not apply to a foam product which has been subjected to a shredding process.

(10) The term "shredded" shall precede or follow the terms set forth above whenever the foam product has been subjected to shredding process.

(11) The term "cemented" shall be applied to a shredded foam which has been cemented together, e.g., "cemented shredded urethane foam."

(12) When a fabric-topped foam product or sponge used as a cover for an article of bedding is in excess of ten per cent of the weight of the entire filling material, it shall be disclosed on the tag and its percentage given.

(13) The term "polyester foam" means a foam produced by a polymerized reaction product of esters (i.e., a compound formed by the replacement of the acid hydrogen of an acid, organic or inorganic, by a hydro-carbon radical).

(14) The term "polyether foam" means a foam produced by a polymerized reaction product of ethers (i.e., hydro-carbons in which one or several hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkoxy groups).

(g) Synthetic fibers.

(1) "Acetate fiber" is a specific term used for man-made fibers, monofilaments and continuous filament yarns composed of acetylated cellulose, with or without lesser amounts of non-fiber-forming material. The term "acetate fibers" or the term "cellulose acetate fibers" shall be used for filling materials made of acetate.

(2) The term "rayon fiber" is a generic term for man-made fibers, monofilaments and continuous filament yarns composed of regenerated cellulose, with or without lesser amount of non-fiber-forming materials. The term "rayon fibers" shall be used to designate man-made fibers composed of regenerated cellulose.

(3) Synthetic fibers (other than acetate and rayon). When different long-chain synthetic polymers and/or copolymers are joined either chemically or physically to form a filament or fiber, a disclosure of the polymers and/or copolymers contained therein shall be made in the descending order of their percentage in the fiber by weight, e.g., "polystyrene fibers," "vinyl-acrylic fibers."

(4) The term "acrylic fibers" shall be used for a long-chain synthetic polymer which contains not less than eighty-five per cent acrylonitrile and which is formed into a filament.

(5) "Azlon fiber" is a generic term for fibers or filaments manufactured from modified proteins or derivatives thereof, with or without lesser amounts of non-fiber-forming materials. The term "azlon fiber" or "protein fibers" shall be used to designate fibers manufactured from azlon.

(6) "Nylon fiber" is a generic term for any long-chain synthetic polymeric amide which has recurring amide groups as an integral part of the main polymer chain, and which is capable of being formed into a filament in which the structural elements are oriented in the direction of the axis. The term "nylon fibers" shall be used to designate fibers manufactured from nylon.

(7) The term "polyethylene fibers" shall be used to designate fibers made from polymers and/or copolymers of ethylene.

(8) The term "polyester fiber" means a fiber produced by a polymerized reaction product of esters (i.e., a compound formed by the replacement of the acid hydrogen of an acid, organic or inorganic, by a hydrocarbon radical).

(9) The term "polyether fiber" means a fiber produced by the polymerized reaction product of others (i.e., hydrocarbons in which one or several hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkoxy groups).

(10) The term "polystyrene fiber" shall be applied to the fibers resulting from the polymerization of styrene monomers.

(11) The term "polyvinylidene fiber" means fibers produced by the copolymer of vinylidene chloride and other monomers.

(12) The term "vinyl" shall be applied to homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride.

(13) The term "vinyl fibers" shall be used to designate fibers or filaments manufactured from vinyl.

(h) Miscellaneous filling materials.

(1) "Cat-tail plant fibers" shall be so designated on the tag.

(2) "Cellulose and/or wood fiber" means fibers reduced from wood or other vegetable growth to a cellulose or fibrous state, and shall be described as "cellulose fiber" or "wood fiber."

(3) "Coco husk fiber" means the fibrous growth obtained from the husk of the cocoanut.

(4) "Excelsior" means shredded threadlike wood fibers, and shall not include waste products such as shavings, sawdust or similar waste.

(5) "Flax tow" means the course, broken and refuse parts of flax separated from the fine fibrous parts in preparing the fibers for spinning.

(6) "Fur fiber" means the fine, soft under fur, with or without the usual guard hair, removed from the tanned or untanned pelt of animals of the class of furbearers. The name of the animal may be stated and when so indicated on the label shall be a true statement.

(7) "Glass fiber" means the very fine filaments or fibers made of glass.

(8) "Hay" means any grass, properly dried or cured, free from dust, burrs, sticks or other objectionable material.

(9) "Jute fiber" means the fiber derived from any species of the Corchorus plant.

(10) "Jute tow" means the broken and refuse parts of jute separated from the fibrous parts in preparing the fibers for spinning.

(11) "Kapok" means the mass of fibers investing the seed of the Kapok trees (Ceiba Pentandra). Any additional term descriptive of the geographical origin or of the quality of such fibers shall be a true statement when set forth on the tag.

(12) "Milkweed fiber" means the surface fiber from the inside of the seed pods of milkweed plants (Asclepias).

(13) "Moss" means the vegetable fibers processed from the moss growth found in swamps and on trees.

(14) "Palm fiber" means the fibrous material obtained from the leaf of a palm, palmetto or palmyra tree.

(15) "Silk fiber" means silk filaments or fibers, including the by-products of any manufacturing or preparing operation up to but not including spinning.

(16) "Sisal fiber" means the leaf fiber derived from the "Agave Sisalana" and similar species of Agaves.

(17) "Sisal fiber tow" means the residual fibers left after the extraction of the spinnable sisal fiber from the leaf. For the purpose of these regulations, this includes the products known as "Bagassi." It shall not contain over three per cent pulp.

(18) "Fiber pads" means a fiber interwoven or punched on burlap or any other woven material or otherwise fabricated into a pad, and when the term "fiber pad" is used, the name of the fiber as herein defined shall be included.

(19) "Tula fiber" means the leaf fiber derived from the "Tula Istle" and similar species of agaves.

(20) "Straw" means the stalk or stem of grain, such as wheat, rye, oats, rice, and the like, after threshing. The kind of straw may be stated, but when indicated shall be a true statement. It shall be free from beards, chaff, bristles, husks, glumes, dirt or extraneous matter.

(21) "Sea grass" means any material obtained from maritime plants or seaweeds.

(22) "Shoddy" means any material created from the processing of secondhand materials, clothing or used rags.

(Effective July 27, 1984)